Saturday 16 December 2023

Book Reviews You Aspire To Read

 

Book Reviews You Aspire To Read

  Chain Gang All Stars by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah



“Like Orwell’s 1984 and Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, Adjei-Brenyah’s book presents a dystopian vision so…illuminating that it should permanently shift our understanding of who we are and what we’re capable of doing.” —The Washington Post



If you enjoy reading action and mystery novels, you will find some thrilling bloodthirsty scenes of the prison inmates in the novel. The author, Adjei-Brenyah competently pens down thrilling and dramatic scenes, illustrating fighting scenes. The book uses allegory to emphasize the themes of freedom, revolt, and moral disgust in the novel. The fighting and action scenes show that the prisoners are engaged in fighting for freedom. While some viewers relate that the scenes represent the author’s sports writing. Having a strong and captivating plot and theme, the book is widely read. Many viewers consider the book as an act of protest against social discrimination and the mass incarceration system with its brutalities and injustice taking place in the present-day racial caste system.

The settings of the novel illustrate that the author does not set forth the story in the future instead, he describes the harsh realities of societies. The novel shows how a private consortium called CAPE (Criminal Action Penal Entertainment) produces contests of convicted murderers before a packed captivated audience. The novel portrays two successful and compelling women fighters known as Loretta Thurwar and Hamara Stacker. These two women are regarded as the stars of ChainGang All-Stars. They also laid the foundation of CAPE, a disputable profit-raising program in America that dominated the private prison industry. The book shows that gladiators and prisoners are competing for their ultimate prize; fighting for freedom and liberty.

In CAPE, prisoners travel as Links in ChainGangs, competing in death matches for packed arenas with righteous protestors at the gates. Thurwar and Stax, both teammates and lovers, are the fan favorites. The story explains what was the significance of her first fight, and how has her character changed since then. What was the purpose that kept her fighting? As the story builds up, it will thrill the audience. She prepared to leave her fellow links as she considered how she might help save humanity. But CAPE’s corporate owners will stop at nothing to protect their status quo and create the obstacles that lead to devastating consequences. 

The story is filled with excitement and adventure. From moving from the Links in the field to the protestors to the CAPE employees and beyond, the book condemns the American prison system based on racism, unchecked capitalism, baseless detention, and imprisonment. The book offers a clear American society voice concerning the ongoing scientific advancements that have led to the violent conditions experienced by the prisoners. The novel portrays the violent conditions faced by the prisoners in the experimental prisons.

The story is told through a fragmented narrative style. The literary choice of words highlights the impact of solitary confinement on our minds. A thorough reading of the book will help you come across the theme of truths and lies and dishonesty.  Role of capitalism in the carceral system today. Reading this novel will make you aware of the carceral system in a state. The system explains how the carceral state shapes and organizes society and culture through policies and using strong surveillance to control criminalization and help prevail the rule of law in the state. Furthermore, the carceral system improves the conditions of the prison-industrial complex and prison labor. Consequently, they aim to improve the role of law enforcement agencies to make it transparent and organized. Thus, the novel’s dramatization will allow readers to reflect on the real-life implications of this system.

 

 The Depth of Being

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The book, The Depth of Being opens with an explanatory tone, emphasizing that stillness is the key underlying part of all existence and nonexistence. The intuitive writing by Peter O’Gorman is to help people know what is real in the universe. As they contemplate deeply, they learn that stillness awaits inside each Being, subtle, and profound, and allowing each Being to grow spiritually and materially and achieve personal growth. The book is written to understand the growing need for stillness in modern society; it is the ultimate source of rejuvenation, renewal, and creation.

Readers will be inspired to know the importance of stillness and its “attainable path that leads to demonstration of absolute Truth. Peter O’Gorman believes that entering stillness enables you to learn about the cycle of existence. Absolute truth expounds that the conceptual creation is within stillness. Each new cycle is created upon the previous creation with modifications and represents a more refined creation as conceived within stillness.

The book goes into depth by explaining the absolute truth of Existence and it expounds that in existence all material beings consist of the essence and have its specific expression. The essence of existence is experienced equally by all Beings following their distinct attributes. Furthermore, every new cycle explains the Absolute Truth of God’s parameters of Being as conceived in the stillness. God is one of the absolute, God operates within nature. God is a separate entity. The forces of Nature set the parameters of Existence within which God’s Truth is materialized. The author expounds that God is not perfect. Whenever we see God's existence, we see God is reborn improved from the last time by stillness. This further explains that when God’s current potential for perfection has been achieved, God disperses into nonexistence. During this period, the quality of perfection is achieved within the Stillness. Although God is not omnipotent, God’s supremacy and consciousness extend throughout the universe. It represents a unique aspect and perfection of God’s existence.

The next chapter explains that with God’s continuous expansion, each Being is comprised of component Beings, and All Beings possess an inherent awareness of God’s Truth and represent one aspect of God’s truth. Based on their unique attributes, the Beings develop distinct strengths to attain their passions and aspirations. Having God’s direct guidance assists individual Beings in awakening to their inner Divinity and spirituality. As individuals gain divinity, Beings are awakened by revelations of Truth. the entire universe is created with life forms maturing from Beings of singularity into Beings. This shows that God’s Truth flows freely through the Stillness pervading Material beings leading to Harmony of Oneness.

While reading about love, the readers learn that love is the pure and profound emotion that shapes our Existence. Love is the foundation of all positive energy as it adds meaning to our life and develop a feeling of intense attraction and intimacy toward each other. We yearn to give them all our love and to receive all their Love in return.

Within stillness, we learn that beauty is an evoking feeling of attraction for all life forms. All Beings choose to live within their beauty and attract the beauty around them. This also explains that spiritual beauty can be appreciated in the surroundings; spiritual beauty flows from the union of individual Spirit with the presence of God, and it awakens the Spirit and develops their divine beauty. Stillness is the art of finding inner peace, and it saves us from physical, spiritual, and mental chaos. Stillness revives our soul and allows us to release our thoughts and feelings by experiencing them. Within the stillness, we learn to deal with emotions.

“Within yourself is a stillness, a sanctuary to which you can retreat at any time and be yourself.” -Hermann Hess

 

To feel God’s presence and love, we must bring our life to a state of stillness. By practicing stillness, you will feel the presence of God, and feel loved by God. Feeling this love creates the awareness that the Spirit of God indwells you, and it brings profound peace, and calmness to you. Eternal Bliss results from feeling close to God. It is a spiritual emotion originating from our awakening to the truth of our inherent divinity. Our Divine purpose is to become obligated to God to help God become more perfect and provide God with a full expression of developing unique aspects of Truth. As we  emphasize God’s understanding of Absolute Truth in our lives, the increased divinity physically and mentally rejuvenates our souls and fills our lives with the eternal joy and love we have been longing for


The Guest List by Lucy Foley


The mystery-thriller novel is set on an island off the coast of West Ireland. The book gathers lively and vibrant characters that play a unique part in building an atmosphere of mystery, adventure, and suspense in the story.  The story begins on a small island off the coast of West Ireland, all the guests reached the venue to attend this fabulous wedding event. Both the bride and groom are online magazine publishers. The celebrity’s relatives, fans, and followers joined the ceremony and enjoyed it with great zeal and excitement. The bride in her fancy clothes attracted all the guests. However, no one knew that the wedding scene would be ruined by a murder mystery. Suddenly, strong winds began blowing and a fierce storm appeared. A scene of confusion and disorder prevailed; the guests collided with one another. During this turmoil, the lights went and complete darkness prevailed. Amidst this bleakness, a body was found lying under a chair.

From page one, the readers got involved with the story, as the mystery intensified, the readers screamed while reading the nerve-shaking scenes. They could imagine a body with blood on the ground. As the story builds up, the author demonstrates a set amount of characters present at the event were indirectly involved with the murder. For instance, William's old boarding school friends and Jules's close friends and relatives, the story portrays many secrets and conspiracies that caused the brutal assassination.

Towards, the end of the story the old secrets are revealed, and the readers are enthused to know the real culprit who did the crime and why. The audience also did their speculation and tried to figure out who was the murderer. All the characters acted with consistency and maintained the tone of dramatic suspense and thrill in the story from the first page to the last.

If you desire to read an interesting and exciting piece of writing this weekend, you can grab an adventure and action-based novel, known as The Guest List that will draw your attention towards exhilarating scenes, thrilling plots, and stimulating characters.


The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks



The Notebook is a sentimental story about the enduring power of love. A true sentimental story of miracles that will stir your heart to keep scrolling the pages to read the entire book. The story is set within the somber beauty of coastal North Carolina in 1946. The romantic novel excites the readers from the first page as it shows Noah Calhoun, a rural Southerner returning home from World War II. Noah, thirty-one, remembered the images of the beautiful girl he met fourteen years back. He still had profound feelings for her. During all these years, he kept searching for her but unfortunately could not find her. He kept remembering the beautiful summertime moments they spent together. Noah made all efforts to find her, but ultimately, he lost hope and began living with the fond memories.  

The story took a sharp turn! The readers grew more excited to see the unexpected return of the protagonist, Allie Nelson in the town where Noah lives. Twenty-nine years old young and attractive girl was seen by people wandering in the streets of North Carolina.  She was engaged to another man, but could not forget her true love for Noah. Over the past years, she spent every moment remembering her intimate relationship with Noah. As she was engaged to another man, and her marriage was only weeks away, Allie’s heart sank in despondency. She desired she could end this relationship and live her dream life with her true love.

 Like a puzzle within a puzzle, the story of Noah and Allie is impactful for the readers. Their tale is a deeply moving portrait of love itself, the tender moments, and fundamental changes that affect us all. Shining with a beauty that is rarely found in current literature, The Notebook establishes Nicholas Sparks as a classic storyteller who rouses true emotions, passion, and sentiments in readers. Many romantic lovers developed an emotional bond with the book, weeping and sobbing while reading the heart-throbbing novel.


 The Girl on the Train by PAULA HAWKINS



“Hawkins’s taut story roars along at the pace of, well, a high-speed train. …Hawkins delivers a smart, searing thriller that offers readers a 360-degree view of lust, love, marriage, and divorce.”—Good Housekeeping  

 

After reading a few interesting pages of this exciting psychological thrillers book, you will feel deeply involved in the story. The captivating storyline, pace, and climax will keep you astounded and engross your mind to read the entire book.

 

The story begins with a girl named Rachel traveling on the same train to London every morning. During her brief journey, she deeply observes people and things in her surroundings. For instance, she noticed the row of gardens with blooming flowers, and their aroma stunned every passenger. She looked at the houses passed by and had an earnest desire to know the people who lived in those houses. At a particular moment when the train slows down, she becomes more obsessed with talking to the travelers and learning about their woes and life circumstances.

 

Every day, the train reduces speed at a junction, where Rachel always sees a couple named Jess and Jason sitting and enjoying their happier moments on their terrace. They lived at the house outside the train window where the train usually stopped for a few minutes on the red signal. While deeply immersed in watching them, it reminded her of the cheerful time she spent with her husband before her divorce. The houses evoked her past memories filled with intimacy, fondness, and fantasy. She became a borderline alcoholic as she couldn’t conceive, and her husband developed relations with another woman with whom he now has a baby and they are living in the same old house.

One morning when the train stopped at the same red signal, she observed something unusual. The things were not the same and she felt something strange. Her nerves began shattering as she kept thinking about Jess and Jason. The train began to move fast, however, she was determined to find the mystery. The narrative portrays that Rachel became a part of their lives. Although unsure of what exactly happened with the couple, she felt restless and went to a law enforcement agency to solve the mystery. She became involved with the investigation and helped the police to resolve the secret.

According to the author’s interpretation, when Rachel notices something unsettling from her window one morning, it leads to a chilling series of events that make her question whom she can trust in her life. Furthermore, getting involved with the life of Jess and Jason compelled her to contemplate her life. It leads her to develop a deeper understanding of her emotions, knowing who she is and her purpose of living.

The book is full of mysteries and thrilling adventures that keep the audience engaged in the story. The book comes up as a masterpiece in character development, strong storyline, action curiosity, and climax. The Girl on the Train is Hawkins’s first psychological thriller novel that is well-written and skillfully constructed. It is a thought-provoking story about the power of memory, intimate betrayals, the harsh realities of love and obsession, despair, fear, and envy.

“Gripping, enthralling—a top-notch thriller and a compulsive read.”—S. J. Watson, New York Times–bestselling author of Before I Go to Sleep



Monday 25 September 2023

Can Chat GPT Capture the IT Industry?

 

Can Chat GPT  Capture the IT Industry?




I wouldn't be surprised 50 years from now, people looked back and said wow that was a ground-breaking set of inventions that happened in the early 2020s. “AI has become more and more global. This trend cannot be stopped,” stated Dakuo Wang, associate professor and researcher at Northeastern University. Conducting his extensive research on human-computer interaction and artificial intelligence, he opines that whoever has not used the public version of ChatGPT, should try learning it. It is called AI literacy. People are required to start learning how this app works. It will give them an idea of what AI can and cannot do. It will help relieve their concerns about AI taking over the world or reducing job opportunities for humans. AI will change the lifestyle including work and jobs. But it will not replace humans. More productive people who embrace AI will improve their creativity and potential in comparison to those who are reluctant to learn how it works.

Being the center of social media and business community, this AI bot got 1 million signs up in just 5 days after its launch. The Chat GPT app became popular gradually. According to AI experts, Chat GPT gained a record of 28 million daily visits till Jan 2023. The AI-powered app has instantaneously reached a broad audience exceeding Google, TikTok, and Instagram. OpenAI introduced ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) Chabot on November 30, 2022. Primarily, the function of  ChatGPT was to impersonate a human communicator and provide accurate responses to answers across various domains including education, music, social media, history, or technology. Since then users have begun using ChatGPT for various purposes including content writing for business, marketing, and health domains. From education to life care to home entertainment, ChatGPT has displayed its unique intelligence by offering remarkable personalized experiences to people.  In a world of digital technology, this incredible AI app is facilitating people in every area of life

 

What Are the Possible Benefits of Using ChatGPT?

One of the significant advantages of using ChatGPT is to deliver unique personalized services. When a human places a question or statement, ChatGPT processes the user’s input by searching the database to find relevant material to formulate detailed and informative content as required by the user. The text appears similar to human-generated context.

If you are a blogger and seeking ideas to compile a blog, ChatGPT will provide an overview of the required topic promptly. Consequently, it makes it easier for writers to begin working on the project. Moreover, if you require more detail concerning the topic, you can propose brief prompts or questions. AI language model will regenerate its response based on new ideas. If you require a short response, you can stop the app to generate more content.

AI assistants help in creating new codes for programming languages. AI applications help create a variety of model codes for students who are learning modules of a program. Consequently, the programmers learn to develop codes as required.

Companies are employing ChatGPT to develop a collective report that provides updated information on the industry, using online resources. Consequently, using ChatGPT makes market surveys easier for organizations. Moreover, the application also helps create marketing content including brochures, flyers, and ads. Thus, combining updated information gathered through various sources from the internet, AI-powered applications help companies boost their online visibility.With ChatGPT, companies have improved their customer service system. AI ChatGPT integrated with their business applications provides written or verbal responses to customers' rising queries and offers radical solutions that keep customers satisfied with the company’s services.



Disadvantages of using ChatGPT

One of the major issues that ChatGPT faces is limited knowledge reach. Though it has access to review different online sites to gather large data, however, the application is limited to events and proceedings that happened in 2021. If users ask for any recent event or first-hand information from the year 2023, the application makes excuses for not providing the relevant content. Instead, it offers generic information. Many users have indicated errors in responses such as repetitive ideas or extreme usage of adjectives in sentences that diminish the quality of the text. Moreover, AI cannot define complex human emotions and is unable to recognize language patterns, human feelings, and sentiments. It cannot develop content that depicts human preferences, interests or dislikes, or changing lifestyles. As it is AI-generated content, it cannot develop any content of its own, or add any new idea to make text appear meaningful. Consequently, the content looks irrational and absurd.

Another limitation of this application is that it can assist mobile app developers in the process of app development, but it cannot write the code for them. Therefore, many IT experts expound that the ChatGPT mechanism with its limitations lacks the capacity to create a custom-built application of its own and consequently, might not take over the IT industry in the future.

 What are the Future Trends with ChatGPT?

The possibilities identified are that ChatGPT is free and offers significant assistance to app developers. They can use this technology to analyze the modern trends in app development. Moreover, ChatGPT provides written codes for programmers. However, it lacks the capacity to test and check the applicability of the code. Since it does not have an internal testing module, ChatGPT unable to validate the written codes. So designers have to reevaluate the codes using other technical tools.

According to specialists, innovations are going on in improving ChatGPT capabilities to make it more functional and efficient. It is expected that this application will dominate the entire IT industry in the upcoming years.

Recap

ChatGPT is an advanced language model that has been trained to create a diverse range of text generated through websites. The advanced version incorporated with the organization’s website improves customer service. However, the application has shortcomings too. It may create incorrect information that may not resonate with users’ preferences and choices.  Moreover, it helps developers to know about the steps of app development, the designing process, coding, and the process of publishing the app. It also helps in expediting the app development process. But it cannot build an app of its own. Additions are in progress to improve the functions of the ChatGPT application. According to IT analysts, ChatGPT might conquer the IT industry soon.


Tuesday 8 August 2023

The Role of Technology and Innovation In countering Extremism and Terrorism

 

The Role of Technology and Innovation In countering Extremism and Terrorism


By SADIA WALI

 

The world is experiencing complex challenges, such as violent extremism, identity-based conflicts, and cultural and religious constraint. Ethnonationalism, racism, discrimination against minority groups, religious extremism, and violations of human rights are the cause of an increasing number of local and regional conflicts across the world. Combating extremism and radicalism has become a challenging task for the global states due to the varying nature of conflicts. Extremism is a complicated phenomenon that is widely analyzed and explored by academic scholars and researchers. Terrorism and extremism are perceived diversely, in different societies, and communities hold both positive and negative connotations regarding the concept of extremism and radicalism.

 




According to Bjørgo and Horgan, 1 reflects upon the fundamental cause of violence in society. They explicate that if someone has radical views related to any issue. It does not necessarily mean that radial thinking triggers aggressive or violent behavior or provokes an individual to join an extremist group. It is observed that the most extremist, negative and complicated behavior develops due to persisting social issues in society. Many people are influenced by fundamental and ideological beliefs that force them to commit violent acts 1, 2.

Similarly, some other scholars stated that the conception of 'radicalization refers to an individual mindset and thinking to adopt an extremist set of beliefs and aspirations that may instigate them to commit terrorist acts. Particularly, young people involved with political or religious groups become more vulnerable to radicalization. Consequently, encountering various external factors including personal and family issues, and distressing, spouse relationships aggravate violent behavior.   Social, and economic reasons such as poverty, famine, and rising inflation have led to extreme violent acts. Furthermore, political, cultural, and historical factors cause young individuals to join terrorist organizations.3   According to different experiences as stated by people who got involved with terrorist activities, they were brainwashed and persuaded by political and religious organizations to join their company. As their purpose is to eradicate injustice and bring prosperity to the country 4. Though these justifications indicate some underlying issues that trigger violence and extremism in society.

 

Social and Economic Conditions Leading to Extremism and Violence in World Societies  

According to the existing report of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the protection of human rights, countering terrorism states that there are no single grounds causes that give rise to radicalization and violent extremism. There are broad categories that constitute increasing acts of terrorism. It includes lingering economic crisis, socio-economic, ethnic, cultural, and racial discrimination, poor governance, poverty, lack of social injustice, violations of human rights; prolonged and unresolved conflicts; and radicalization in prisons.

·         Deep-rooted  social inequalities

It is essential to analyze the root causes of social exclusion and discrimination that triggers violent behavior and attitude in individual and society as a whole.  The lingering social issues including massive poverty, unemployment, and lack of social justice have caused social instabilities in societies. According to the UNDP Report of 2017 5 states that economic unsustainability has resulted in a rising poverty scale, unemployment, and limited income opportunities for young people. It is a growing concern among the states that many young brilliant educated individuals are without jobs. Meierrieks further emphasized that many of them are not engaged with meaningful or resourceful jobs according to their educational requirements. This is a rising plight among the youth that fuels them with grievances and discontentment. Developing sheer hopelessness of a better future leads to frustration that results in radicalization and violent extremism 5.



Supporting this argument Ikejiaku expounded that when desperate young people could no longer meet their necessities of life, it creates resentment and aggressive behavior.6   While other scholars, Gries, Krieger, and Meierrieks conducted a study of the connection between economic growth and rates of terrorism in seven European States. Their research concluded that the prevailing economic deprivation and social injustice are significant causes that lead to extremely violent acts.  In many underdeveloped societies, lack of inadequate and low-quality educational facilities also trigger young people to get involved in anti-social activities comprising violent crimes.  Moreover, unemployed young people use drugs heavily. The rate of drug addiction has substantially increased. Consequently, drug addicts either join violent extremist groups or individuals get entangled with serious violent crimes.


·         Socio-economic, ethnic, cultural, and racial injustice

 

Downgrading and discrimination in society are recognized as major factors that drive violent extremism among people 7 identified some case studies that forced individuals to partake in violent activities. Belonging to a marginalized group in society, community people faced racial injustice and lack of social rights that creates social discrimination. Furthermore, job opportunities, barriers to regional development, and freedom of religion also fuel resentment. The prevailing socio-economic inequalities and deprivations provoke minds towards anti-social and violent behavior.7

Additionally, many underdeveloped civil societies, such as transitioning states that are formed by authoritarian regimes are unable to sufficiently channel people's freedom of expression and sentiments. Such societies tend to suppress individual voices to protest against injustice, to raise voice their social freedom, or speak the truth. Authoritative societies prevent the opportunity for both majority and minority groups to stand up for their social rights in a peaceful manner.  



Mostly peaceful social communities desire to promote freedom of expression in a constructive way such as by using their voices to convey passion and educate people against prevailing social and ethnic injustice, articulate social values, and facilitate dialogue and productive engagement. The power of speech is used to create change and encourage other voices to unite and support each other.  These positive acts help to create awareness of the right to integrity and avoid conflict in society. However, when people are denied their legal rights or disempowered by a society that makes them believe socially and intellectually inferior. Such racial and social differences may lead to frustration and antipathy,   prompting people to adopt violent ways to resolve social conflicts 8.


·         Ineffective governance and violations of human rights




Other prevalent causes of terrorism are issues related to maladministration, abuse of power, misrule, and violations of human rights in a democratic state. According to UNDP Report,8 incompetency of governance combined with democracy discrepancies, corruption, bribery, nepotism, and unlawful behavior of state officials or agents adversely affect the public at large. Ineffectual government laws, oppressive policies, and practices prevent justice and implementation of the rule of law in the state. Moreover, the absence of laws on respect and promoting human rights has led to social and racial discrimination in society. It is observed that many underdeveloped states have failed to promulgate laws to observe human rights fairly. Poorly executed laws unable to break the poverty trap have further created social and racial distinctions based on race, color, sex, language, and religious discrimination.  The lack of human rights violations on the regional level has instigated violent extremist religious and political groups to exploit the state to use domination and aggression. Consequently, it has caused threats to national sovereignty, national unity, and territorial integrity. Moreover, the denial to recognize the social rights of people has further increased grievances and resentment in people.  

General Assembly report further illustrates that serious crimes related to sexual and gender-based violence in society are also part of violations of human rights laws.  Such series acts of violation provoke people to stand up and protest against injustice in society. 8

 

The Role of the International Community in Initiating Peace Process



FROM A CULTURE OF VIOLENCE TO A CULTURE OF PEACE, The UN Declaration on a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence states that   the recognition of equal and undeniable human rights is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. World peace emphasizes the state's respect and promotes universal values of respect for human lives, liberty, justice, solidarity, tolerance, and equality in society.  Using the core values of justice, democracy, non-violence, and peaceful resolution of conflicts, the international community should rethink and design new modalities to manage racial disputes, conflict prevention, and post-conflict peace-building procedures. These peacemaking efforts focusing on good governance, the rule of law, sustainable development, respect for human rights, and fulfilling economic and social marginalization should be promulgated at regional, national, and international levels. 9

Consequently, the program of Action adopted by the General Assembly aims to promote a culture of peace in the region. The program is based on eight principles such as education for peace, the promotion of sustainable economic and social development, respect for human rights, and equality in society, democratic participation, tolerance, and arms reduction.9

UNESCO’s cultural policy has raised 9 worldwide awareness about the importance of intercultural dialogue, diversity and inclusion, and sustainable development that benefits all groups of society. The key objectives of the policy suggest that the member states should exchange peaceful and, equitable dialogue with each other. Constructive talks should be based on mutual understanding and respect to boost social cohesion, and peace reconciliation among nations. Moreover, democratic states are stirred up to embrace diversity and interdependence in citizenship-building. They should take up concrete measures that boost international cooperation at regional and international levels. The initiative comprises supporting developing countries to utilize their cultural institutions to train professionals in activities related to the engagement of civil society. Creating awareness and educating young individuals regarding intercultural and human rights education. The awareness program should provide knowledge of, emerging issues including nurturing linguistic diversity, learning about the concept of cultural/ intercultural citizenship, and how to boost intercultural competence and cultural literacy at every level.10

Technological Change Playing a Leading Role in Sustainable Development of Peace Process and Security in the Region 

 

·         Identify malicious extremist content posted on social media

Extremism and terrorism, the two global threats have predominantly affected social cohesion, cultural identities and citizenship, diversity, and universal values all over the world. The states, governments, and civil society have taken viable nonviolent solutions to tackle these threats. Since traditional methods of counter-terrorist activities have become ineffective, the states have opted to use modern information and communications technologies (ICT) comprising the Internet, social media platforms, and other communications applications. With the advent of modern technology, extremist non-state actors are exploiting emerging technologies for malicious purposes. They spread propaganda and violence by disseminating destructive content on social media. Consequently, it has stirred up the state policymakers and tech firms to stay vigilant and observe the possibility of misusing ICTs for terrorist attacks. The Security Council has emphasized the member states to pass laws allowing civil societies, private organizations, and businesses to monitor online content. If lawmakers encounter any such biased extremist content posted on social media, strict action is required to prevent the spreading of terrorist content on online platforms. For this purpose, the states are motivated to use ICT to combat terrorist purposes. Digital tools employing machine learning algorithms have assisted organizations in searching and eliminating biased and objectionable content on Facebook, YouTube, and other social media channels.11




·         Surveillance technology like drones, and biometric scanners track potential threats

The installation of biometric scanners at law enforcement agencies, state borders, and airport checkpoints helps to detect terrorist plots and adopt strong security measures to prevent them.  Artificial intelligence (AI) 11 data analytics and machine learning using AI and data analytics are highly resourceful surveillance and investigative tools that empower communities to counterattack violence. Moreover, these cutting-edge techniques evaluate online conversations and social media posts generated by extremist groups. The tools help protect people who might get involved with extremist organizations and plan terrorist activities.



Moreover, 12 AI technology tools including drones, scanners, and sensors are used for surveillance, and data analysis. The sensors are linked to a cloud-based program that accurately identifies and locates gunshots of terrorist groups. The sensors can record the timing and sound of gunshots. Consequently, the overall information including the specific location of the gunshot, is then sent to police headquarters that assist them in searching the shooter’s location. The required information from AI tools comes as a pop-up notice on a computer or mobile screen.12

 Another significant AI tool that has effectively helped to deal with terrorism and extremism is the usage of blockchain-based solutions. 13 Blockchain technology helps to monitor the monetary transactions of extremist groups. AI technology helps law enforcement agencies to block the accounts and businesses of radical groups that prevent them from having access to money and resources. Blockchain technology also helps agencies in the exclusion and propagation of extremist content from websites and social media sites. AI technology assists the peace enforcement teams in promptly taking action to curb violence and aggression occurring in the region.13



·         Peace operations conducted through unarmed unmanned aerial vehicles(UUAV)

The aerial vehicle   comprising monitoring systems, motion detectors, and satellite imagery are helpful for law enforcement agencies in detecting threatening surroundings. For instance, UN peace operations have integrated this technology to get significant data collection regarding criminal activities, and protection and monitoring of civilians' life. Moreover, they use the vehicle to execute their peace operations in the region.14

 

·         Networking through  Mobile phones and social media

 Citizens can increase their networking by employing various mobile apps and social media channels. Using these resources helps people find real-time photos and videos that are uploaded by radical groups on social media. Having updated news and knowledge allow people to stay alert. They can notify the agencies and the government if they encounter any such activity in a nearby location. People can protest against the ongoing brutality and share their views and opinions on social media regarding eradicating violent extremist acts from society. Consequently, many citizens take necessary measures to safeguard their lives.14


 
·        UNDP implemented a Conflict Prevention program using new technologies

 

·        UNDP implemented a Conflict Prevention program using new technologies

 

Review of UN Peace   Operations Report (2014) established peacekeeping forces and experts to use technology and      innovation to execute UN peacekeeping initiatives. The report underlines the need for member states to work in collaboration to deal with the abuse of ICT on websites and social media.  With cooperation, the states can come up with better solutions that safeguard human rights, and increase awareness of fundamental freedoms. Moreover, the report suggests that world states should incorporate new technologies to carry out their developmental and peace-building strategies. For this purpose, the Security Council initiated a public-private partnership known as Tech against Terrorism.  The partnership will provide technical assistance to new companies and larger corporations. People can use social media for video sharing and sending messages to tackle violence on a larger platform. Moreover, communities will be provided with capacity-building resources.14

Recap

 The promotion of non-violence and peace is not just about the absence of war. It is not an end or final goal, but a process. It is about creating an enabling environment for promoting peaceful social change through advocacy, knowledge sharing, and networking that increase tolerance and encourage conflict prevention. The speedy transition from a culture of war to a culture of peace seems a challenging task for states. It requires them to engage in peaceful dialogues that prevent aggression and intolerance in society. The world developed states have summoned the international community to participate in global efforts to prevent and combat the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. They should take collective action to fight against violent extremism. The citizens are empowered to learn peacebuilding skills to assist the state in promoting conflict prevention measures and promoting values of compassion and tolerance in society. Additionally, the states are utilizing new technologies to manage conflict at all levels. Technological tools including data collection, crowdsourcing, and social networking through mobile phones and social media have helped to manage cross-cultural exchanges and tackle extremism and terrorist acts at regional and international levels.  

With mutual cooperation, the world states can safeguard their common values and protect societies all from all sorts of violence, leading towards a safer and sustainable world!

 

“Let us join hands to accept differences and to end violence. No culture can live if it attempts to be exclusive” - #‎MahatmaGandhi


 

REFERENCES:

 

1.      VIOLENT-EXTREMISM: AN EXAMINATION OF A DEFINITIONAL DILEMMA by  Jason-Leigh Striegher Australian Graduate School of Policing and Security, Charles Sturt University, Sydney, Australia:

2.      Striegher, J.-L. (2013a). The Deradicalisation of Terrorists. Salus Journal, 1(1), 19-40.

  1. Romaniuk, Peter (2015). " Does CVE Work? Lessons Learned from the Global Effort to Counter Violent Extremism." Global Center on Cooperative Security, September.

4.      Sageman, M. (2008). Leaderless Jihad: Terror Networks in the Twenty-First Centruy. Philadelpdia, Pennssylvania: University of Pennsylvania Press.

5.      Gries, Thomas, Tim Krieger and Daniel Meirrieks (2011). " Causal Linkages between Domestic Terrorism and Economic Growth." Defence and Peace Economics, vol.22, issue 5, pp. 493-508

  1. Ikejiaku, Brian-Vincent (2009). " The Relationship between Poverty, Conflict and Development." Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 15-28.
  2. Bonner, David (2015). " United Kingdom: The United Kingdom response to terrorism." Terrorism and Political Violence, vol. 4, issue 4, pp. 171-205.

8.      Drivers of violent extremism: https://www.unodc.org/e4j/en/terrorism/module-2/key-issues/drivers-of-violent-extremism.html

9.      Global Movement for a Culture of Peace, Definition of Culture of Peace. By David Adams, December 2005 : https://www.culture-of-peace.info/copoj/definition.html

10.   A new cultural policy agenda for development and mutual understanding: (Chapter 3: Rethinking cultural policy design, pages 16- 18)

11.   The Role of Technology and Innovation in Countering Extremism and Terrorism: https://thegeopolitics.com/the-role-of-technology-and-innovation-in-countering-extremism-and-terrorism/

12.   AI in Forensic Investigation and Crime Detection: https://www.analyticsinsight.net/ai-in-forensic-investigation-and-crime-detection/#:~:text=Al%20can%20assist%20in%20identifying,the

13.   TERRORISM:  The Role of Technology and Innovation in Countering Extremism and Terrorism: March 27, 2023 By Nadir Ali: https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2023/03/27/the-role-of-technology-and-innovation-in-countering-extremism-and-terrorism/

14.  The Impact of New Technologies on Peace, Security, and Development Independent Commission on Multilateralism: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.icm2016.org/IMG/pdf/new_tech_paper.pdf